The Argan Tree in Morocco: A Heritage at Risk

The argan tree, an iconic symbol of Morocco, represents more than just a source of valuable oil.It embodies resilience and is a cornerstone of the Moroccan ecosystem. However, this majestic tree is now under threat, and its survival hinges on our efforts to protect it.

A Cultural Heritage at Risk

In 2014, UNESCO recognized the cultural practices and knowledge associated with the argan tree by inscribing them on the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. This acknowledgment underscores the importance of the argan tree in Moroccan culture and economy. Yet, despite its ability to live up to 200 years, the argan tree is increasingly vulnerable to recurring droughts and chronic water stress. Over the past fifty years, the density of argan forests in Morocco has plummeted from 100 trees per hectare to just 30 trees per hectare. This alarming decline is accompanied by an annual average loss of 600 hectares of argan-covered land. Several factors contribute to this trend, including urban expansion and the conversion of argan lands to other types of crops that are
often more water-intensive and less suited to natural ecosystems, such as vegetables and berries.

A Natural Defense Against Desertification

The argan tree plays a crucial role in combating desertification, particularly in Morocco’s arid and semi-arid regions. This resilient tree shields the soil from wind erosion and runoff, promoting rainwater infiltration that replenishes groundwater. By lining Morocco’s coastal regions from Tiznit to Essaouira, the argan tree forms a natural barrier against the encroaching desert, preserving millions of hectares of land. The ecological significance of the argan tree is so vital that in 1999, UNESCO designated the Moroccan argan forest as a Biosphere Reserve. This unique ecosystem is indispensable for soil conservation and grazing areas, providing shelter for nearly two million livestock.